Introduction
Sodium-ion batteries (SiBs) are gaining interest as a cost-effective and sustainable alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LiBs) for large-scale energy storage. While LiBs have higher storage capacity, their widespread use is limited by the scarcity and expense of lithium. In contrast, SiBs offer benefits such as abundant raw materials, lower costs, higher power output, enhanced safety, and better performance across a broader temperature range.
As in LiBs, the content of major and trace elements in the SiBs cathode materials can directly affect battery performance characteristics (energy density, cycle life and safety) and must be monitored. Inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) is often recommended for the analysis of complex cathode materials due to its advantages of multielement analysis, wide linear dynamic range and high matrix tolerance.
This work demonstrates the ability of the Avio® 550 Max fully simultaneous ICP-OES to measure both matrix and impurity elements in sodium-ion battery cathode materials. The robust nature of its plasma allows samples to be analyzed without diluting the prepared sample further, permitting lower levels of impurity elements to be accurately measured. Plus, its simultaneous nature allows relative standard deviations of 0.1% or less to be obtained for major elements, taking advantage of its high-precision capabilities. These combined capabilities make the Avio 550 Max the ideal solution for the analysis of SiBs cathode materials.
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